Projects

• Project concept
• Brief description of LNG
• LNG sales market estimation for the project
• Potential for using LNG as motor fuel for automobile transportation
• LNG production plant impact on air
• LNG impact on aqueous medium
• Waste generation as a result of plant construction and operations
• Environmental impact on landscape
• Acoustic impact (noise pollution) during project construction and operation
• Sanitary protection zones

to create liquefied natural gas production in Tambov region using high-tech equipment manufactured by international companies, was developed with purpose of identifying and substantiating main indicators for technical and economical feasibility for organization of production. 

One of the project goals is development of conceptual phase for production design – technical and economical feasibility analyses of the project with purpose to make a sound investment, development decision. 

Project includes construction of production complex with storage facilities, loading and shipping terminals to deliver liquefied natural gas to consumers by automobile and railroad transport.   

Implementation of LNG-production project requires: 

·          natural gas liquefaction facility assembly;

·          construction of LNG storage complex with five-days uninterrupted production storage capacity near production facility;

·          construction of shipping terminal to load and deliver LNG to consumers. 

The end product will be delivered to consumers in Central Federal District, as well as in near-abroad and European countries. 

·          Completed analyses for technology and equipment availability for LNG-project. Presented necessary data on equipment applications, equipment line and availability of technological, storage and transportation means necessary for realization of investment project for production and application of liquefied natural gas;

·          Completed calculations for natural gas liquefaction production capacity, developed technological schema for project realization based on 'production–storage–shipping' model.

·          Completed technical and economical analyses of LNG production and applications, cost analyses for raw materials, energy and labor, prepared production costs forecast, estimates for permanent and variable components of expenditures at all production cycle stages, calculations of LNG production costs after production start;

·          Completed project economical analyses from capital outlays viewpoint;

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Commercial product of this project is liquefied natural gas as energy source material. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a cryogenic liquid with boiling-point at 105…123 Кº (approx. minus 160 Cº) at saturating pressure 1 bar. During process of liquefaction, volume of natural gas decreases in more than 600 times, which equals to compression of the gas to 60 MPa. Physical and chemical properties of LNG are shown in the table below. LNG vapor is practically equal to evaporating liquid in chemical content. LNG vapor does not cause toxic reactions in human body, is not chemically active.

* Technical Standard CodeThe last two decades of evolution of natural gas liquefaction technology were a search for compromise between necessary capital investment and economic efficiency of production.

All efforts in this direction finally allowed to create a profitable small-scale natural gas liquefaction production facilities. Despite the fact that the most of world's LNG is produced on large-scale plants, the number of smaller plants is on increase as well, as the application of small-scale production technology has made profitable projects that were considered as uneconomic earlier. 

To such projects can be related LNG production for targeted and niche consumers, on small- and medium-scale plants using pipeline gas as a feed. 

At present time, technological advances allow production and marketing LNG at heating oil price level. Production and commercial use of liquefied natural gas can be established using these technologies.

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It is a well known fact that natural gas is superior to other types of solid and liquid fuels used in manufacturing, energy, transportation and other industrial applications in locations remote from main gas pipelines. At the same time, the traditional gasification system of gas-distributing pipelines network is, practically, excluded from this process. It is for these consumers LNG is most often the only option.
Some of distinguishing features of LNG gasification are:

• Mobility – absence of hard-ties to pipelines, potential for relocation in changing industrial environment,
• Flexibility –capability to adjust production output, fast start/stop liquefiers, quick LNG storage facilities installation and expansion on "as-needed" basis,
• Economy – lower-scale investment requirements than pipeline construction.

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Advantages of using LNG as motor fuel can be attributed to its higher density (more than 3 times) than compressed gas, which allows significantly increase vehicles' performance: to lower size and weight of onboard fuel system and unproductive expenses between empty runs, increase loading (carrying) capacity and gas mileage between refueling;
Liquefaction decreases gas volume in about 600 times, which, compared to compressed gas, decreases weight of vehicle's gas storage system 3 to 4 times, and a volume of storage system in 1.5 - 3 times. For example, for ZIL-138A truck converted to run on LNG and equipped with 300 litres of LNG capacity cryogenic storage vessel, gas mileage increases in 1.8 times, and total weight of fueling equipment and fuel is 570 kilos less, than on the same truck running on compressed gas.

·          Equal volume of LNG, as compared to compressed gas motor fuel, yields 2 - 2.5 times better mileage between refueling, lowering fuel costs by 50%,

·          LNG allows to broaden functionality of existing common gas stations by refueling gas-powered cars, which increases number of already operating gas stations and brings such services significantly closer to owners of gas-powered cars and trucks,

·          Cryogenic vessels carry 2 to 2 times more LNG per unit of volume than compressed gas, shipped by any type of transportation. Specific metal content per unit of shipped LNG is 7 times lower than shipping compressed gas containers under 32 Pa pressure as it is with mobile fueling stations. Also, using LNG as fuel lowers engine noise by 3-5 decibels, motor oil lasts 30-40%% longer, while extending engine resource time.  The following is comparison energy contents of some types of fuels by volume:

·          0.93 m³ of LNG equals 1 litre of regular gas;

·          1.19 litres of propane-butane mix (summer type) is equal to 1 litre of regular gas;

·          1.25 litres of propane-butane mix (winter type) is equal to 1 litre of regular gas;

·          0.91 litres of diesel fuel is equal to 1 litre of regular gas;

Impact on air as a result of construction works will be: exhausts of construction machinery, mobile welding units, air compressors, automobile transport. As with any regular types of exhaust, these will produce carbon and nitrogen oxides, and welding machinery – sulphides, iron, fluorine, manganese and soot. Such impact will be short-lived, having being scheduled for a brief time period, and correspondingly, any air pollution by metals will be not significant.Plant operation will produce air pollution during as a result of following works:

·          technical gas release during LNG equipment production cycle;

·          exhaust of LNG delivery trucks during shipments to consumer;

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LNG impact on aqueous medium

Liquefying module will not cause any impact on water resources – even though this module contains water circuit, it is a close-end cycle machinery. To function normally, this module is filled with water at one time. Somewhat higher impact on water resources may be caused by track wash as a part of operations, regular sewer waste from premises, and rain drainage.

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Construction will be carried out with already earned experience to design and build similar projects. The complex construction will be based on principles of optimal utilization of materials, therefore amount of generated waste to be carried out of construction site will be minimal.

Construction waste will consist mostly of non-toxic building materials. It will be used as foundations and access road filler at every opportunity. Other waste materials that can be recycled (iron, steel and scrap metals, welding materials, batteries and used motor oil) will be collected and delivered to recycling facilities for further processing. The waste materials not suitable for further recycling or processing, will be collected and transported into already existing in the area locations licensed for disposal of such waste materials.

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Potentially, the most significant impact on landscape during project construction works may be caused by following factors and activities:  

·          absence of vegetation, earthworks;

·          presence of construction machinery, mobile cranes, vehicles, other construction equipment, also cleared areas and removed soil;

·          construction site illumination;

·          adoption of new or additional transportation routes, increased road traffic;

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Acoustic impact (noise pollution) during project construction and operation

The following operations can be acoustic noise sources during LNG complex construction period: 

·          land lot cleaning;

·          soil removal for foundation ground works;

·          equipment movement;

·          loading-unloading operations;

·          assembly works, etc. Noise levels during construction works is not constant in its intensity and time.

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Sanitary protection zones

 

Sanitary protection zones are specially allocated areas around industrial installations, which separate them from residential areas and serving as a protection zones for residents. Land allotment for sanitary protection zones is not required since this land lot is not to be excluded from land tenure, and can be used within limits stipulated by applicable legislation. Size of sanitary protection zones is determined by distance from installation to land lot border, where an impact is kept within allowable levels as defined by Russian legislation. Preliminary size of sanitary protection zone is determined in accordance with regulations 2.2.1/2.1.1.567-96 "Sanitary protection zones and sanitary classification for enterprises, installations and other objects", where processing plants for oil,  casing-head gas and natural gas are considered to be chemical production and are assigned first class level, while sanitary protection zone is set to be equal to 2000 metres.